Again at the request of Georgia Lyme Disease Association
May 1, 2014
copyright Georgia Lyme Disease Association
For the fifth consecutive
year at Georgia Lyme Disease Association’s request, our Georgia governor has
issued a statewide proclamation deeming May, Lyme and Tick-Borne Disease
Awareness Month. People living in the
southeastern United States encounter ticks so frequently, GALDA again thanks
Governor Nathan Deal for his concern about protecting the health of our
citizens through the promotion of educational and preventative measures.
Working with GALDA, Georgia
was the first state in the southeastern USA to issue a statewide awareness
proclamation in 2010. GALDA board
members have since consulted with patient advocacy organizations in surrounding
states, and other states have now issued Lyme Disease Awareness Month proclamations
including Alabama (2013 and 2014), and new for 2014, Kentucky, Tennessee, North
Carolina and Florida. We’re encouraged to
see states taking such a proactive stance to try to prevent tick-borne
illnesses in our citizens.
Georgia Governor Nathan Deal
and Georgia Lyme Disease Association urge citizens to become educated about
ticks, the diseases they may carry, and ways to prevent tick bites. We encourage people to learn how to remove a
tick properly, since improper removal and/or touching a tick with bare fingers
may actually result in disease transmission in some cases. The public should become familiar with the signs
and symptoms of tick-borne illnesses and seek immediate medical help should symptoms
develop.
Ticks in the southeastern USA
may transmit one or more of several pathogens including:
Lyme disease-causing bacteria - Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, possibly Borrelia andersonii, Borrelia americana and Borrelia bissettii as newer research suggests. Other Lyme Borrelia species may also produce disease in humans, more studies
are needed. At least six different Lyme Borrelia
species have been identified in the southeastern USA, more than in any
other region of the country. Current Lyme
disease testing criteria are only geared to detect a single strain of one Lyme Borrelia species, so many cases may be missed by available tests. Of Note: Restrictive southern reporting
practices (quite different than those used to report cases in the Northeastern
USA) have prevented the reporting of thousands of southern Lyme disease cases
for decades, making it appear as if Lyme disease is not a problem in this
region. Thousands of patients and many
doctors can attest that Lyme disease is a significant problem in our area.
Relapsing Fever Borrelia
– Borrelia turicatae. In addition, the newly-identified relapsing
fever organism Borrelia miyamotoi has
been documented in wild turkeys from Tennessee.
Human studies in the SE USA are needed.
No commercial test is available
yet for B. miyamotoi.
Babesia microti, Babesia duncani, and other Babesia species – cause of Babesiosis. Babesia microti is the only one most doctors in the South will test for, however, research suggests other Babesia species- which may require additional testing to detect - are present.
Ehrlichia – including Ehrlichia chafeensis, Ehrlicha ewingii –
cause of Ehrlichiosis. May produce very serious, acute symptoms and even lead to death in just a short period of time. If suspected, many doctors will just go ahead and prescribe doxycyline because taking a "wait and see" approach can be so dangerous.
Anaplasma
phagocytophilum – causes Anaplasmosis, this was previously called human granulocytic ehrlichiosis.
Coxiella burnettii – causes
Q-Fever. Cases have been reported in
Georgia and Tennessee, though tick bites are not believed to be the major
source for most cases of this disease.
Bartonella – causes Bartonellosis;
Bartonella henselae is most commonly
known though there are many species. May
be transmitted by other vectors, but in recent years, ticks have also been
implicated. Other Bartonella species have also been found infecting humans. See Dr. Ed Breitschwerdt’s work at North
Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine.
Rickettsia – causes what
is now termed, Spotted Fever Rickettsiosis, previously called, Rocky Mountain
Spotted Fever before other Rickettsia species
were known to infect humans. Rickettsia
rickettsii (causes Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever -RMSF); Rickettsia parkeri and Rickettsia
amblyommii may also infect humans and be cross-reactive in testing, causing
a positive RMSF test.
Francisella tularensis – causes Tularemia, generally rare. May be contracted through other vectors and means.
Tick-borne Viruses?
New Heartland Virus and Phlebovirus have been identified in lone star
ticks from other regions in recently.
Lone star ticks, Amblyomma
americanum, are the tick species most commonly found biting humans in the
southeastern USA as well as in many other states, including Virginia. More studies need to be performed in this
region to determine the prevalence of these and other tick-borne
disease-causing organisms in humans.
Tick Paralysis: Not a
disease, but a very serious condition or affliction.
REMEMBER: Preventing
tick bites is the key! Please perform tick checks regularly!